Attention Deficit Disorder, or ADD/ADHD, is a term currently applied to describe anyone who meets the diagnostic criteria for impulsivity, hyperactivity and/or inattention. The criteria are subjective, and include behavior which may be caused by a number of factors, such brain defects, allergies and giftedness.
The confusion surrounding ADD is caused by the tendency of some in the mental health community to quickly assume that all those who are diagnosed with ADD also have some sort of brain defect. This goes back to the very first studies done concerning ADD, wherein the individuals were found to have encephalitis, which is a swelling of the brain. Birth defects and brain injury from toxic chemicals such can also contribute to ADD. However, the ADD diagnostic criteria have been so broadened since then as to include individuals who do not suffer from any brain defects whatsoever.
There are two major types of ADD, the specifics of which are still undergoing many changers): ADD with hyperactivity (the more traditional type of ADD) and ADD without hyperactivity (or the “inattentive” type).
Inattention The person must meet at least six of the following traits to a degree that is “maladaptive” to be considered as having ADD without hyperactivity.
Failure to give close attention to details, or prone to making mistakes in schoolwork
difficulty maintaining attention in tasks
an apparent inability to listen properly
failure to follow instructions or finish work
disorganized
difficulties completing schoolwork or homework
inability to keep track of personal belongings
is easily distracted
forgetful about daily routines and schedules.
ADD with Hyperactivity (must meet six of the following to a degree that is “maladaptive”
fidgety
excessive running and/or climbing
inability to play quietly for long
has a “driven” attitude
excessive talking
blurts out answers to questions out of turn
difficulty waiting in cue
often disruptive of others.
Specialty boarding schools offer help for students with ADD.
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